Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Nevertheless, associations
between these metabolites with T2D incidence, as well as the potential effects of dietary interventions remain unclear. 251 patients with incident T2D served as cases and 638 non-cases were included in a nested case-cohort study within the PREDIMED Study. A panel of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis-related metabolites were identified, which were significantly associated with T2D risk within a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular disease risk. A Mediterranean diet may counteract the detrimental effects of these metabolites.