Oleuropein is the major phenolic compound in the olive tree, Olea europaea L., and is particularly abundant in unprocessed olive fruit and leaves. In an in vitro study, the olive leaf extract (OLE) from the Tuscan Olea europaea was studied in the pathogenesis of vascular disease, primarily within the endothelial cells against oxidative stress. Dried OLE presents a high content of phenolic compounds, specifically secoiridoid oleuropein (about 17%). The present study characterized the antioxidant power of OLE total polyphenols (TPs) (oleuropein as a main component) in two in vitro models by testing different doses and timings. Both, cell viability and ROS measurement curves after OLE administration to endothelial cells showed a protective effect against ROS production. In conclusion, this extract represents a potent compound that could be used for biomedical purposes, both in nutrition and as a pharmaceutical agent, expending its application and reducing waste derivates of olive leaf extract.

Another article, focused on the preventive role of Oleuropein in human chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). There is an increasing number of publications and current research on the beneficial effects of this polyphenol as a nutraceutical product in humans, as well as potential problems, including dosage, bioavailability and bioaccessibility. The importance of bioactive components in EVOO has been highlighted by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which released a health claim in 2011 on the efficacy of oil phenols, pointing out its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. The objective of this review was to discuss the available data on this subject. The main conclusion was the need for future research, ideally clinical randomized trials, to clarify the mechanisms of action and beneficial effects in response to the intake of oleuropein in humans. The therapeutic effect of oleuropein is yet a question to be resolved, although evidence supports its regular intake to achieve beneficial long-term effects on NCDs.

Lastly, the following article, investigated the role of two secoiridoids, oleocanthal (OC) and oleacein (OA), in obesity-associated adipocyte inflammation through the NF-κB pathway TNF-α. EVOO polyphenols significantly reduced the expression of genes related to adipocyte inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, leukocytes chemotaxis and infiltration, and improved the expression of the anti-inflammatory/metabolic effector. All of these findings suggest these compounds could be novel dietary tools for the prevention of inflammatory diseases associated with obesity.

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