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The latest news from the OHIS
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Dear Colleagues and Friends,
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Randomized controlled trial
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In this exploratory study, olive oil digestion-products are identified as secretion-enhancers of gut hormones that exhibit anorexigenic and insulinotropic properties. The study was carried out in patients with a previous Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), characterized by an increased gut hormone secretion, and matched unoperated controls in a crossover trial with isoosmolar lipid loads.
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Gut hormone-release is generally stimulated by the presence of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the gut. Interestingly, this response is dependent of the type of TAG evoking the stimulus. Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), more so than Medium Chain fatty acids (MCFA), have an important impact on hormone secretion. Olive oil is not only an important source of LCFA, but also monoacyglycerols (MAG) in the form of 2-oleoyl-glycerol (2-OG), both of which are known to increase secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) to different degrees.
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The main purpose of this study among the given study population was to study the responses of gut hormone secretion elicited by the distal delivery of fatty acids. The researchers observed a myriad of effects on hormone secretion including L-cell secretion of GLP-1 and peptide YY (PYY); secretion of neurotensin, GIP and CCK mediated by the combination of LCFAs and 2-OG. The limitations of this study include the possibility that these effects may be due to the constant presence of bile in the intestine, since an altered bile absorption can also lead to the release of insulinotropic and anorexigenic hormones through different mechanisms. Furthermore, the use of matched controls could result in biased results and false interpretations. Despite these draw backs, the gut hormone effects caused by olive oil and new understandings of the physiology of patients with RYGB, could lead to innovations in weight-loss therapies and diabetes management.
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Thanks!
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