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Body composition

Body Composition and Metabolic Status of Italian and Spanish University Students: Relationship with Fruit and Vegetable Consumption.

Effects of Mediterranean Diet Combined with CrossFit Training on Trained Adults' Performance and Body Composition.

COVID-19

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dietary Patterns of Pregnant Women: A Comparison between Two Mother-Child Cohorts in Sicily, Italy.

Gut microbiome

Mediterranean-Like Dietary Pattern Associations With Gut Microbiome Composition and Subclinical Gastrointestinal Inflammation.

Kidney disease

Good Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Lowered Risk of Renal Glomerular Impairment in Children: A Longitudinal Study.

Mental and cognitive health

Plants, Plants, and More Plants: Plant-Derived Nutrients and Their Protective Roles in Cognitive Function, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementias.

The Role of Obesity and Diabetes in Dementia.

Metabolic Health

Monounsaturated Fat vs Saturated Fat: Effects on Cardio-Metabolic Health and Obesity.

Associations between eating speed, diet quality, adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Associations of Dyslipidemia with Dietary Intakes, Body Weight Status and Sociodemographic Factors among Adults in the United Arab Emirates.
Effects of Fasting and Lifestyle Modification in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Longitudinal Trends, Determinants, and Cardiometabolic Impact of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Greek Adults.

One-Year Changes in Urinary Microbial Phenolic Metabolites and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes-A Case-Control Study.

Other

Improvements in Plasma Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels after a Weight-Loss Lifestyle Intervention in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Nutritional aspects in chronic non-cancer pain: A systematic review.

Quality of life

Impact of Lifestyle Modification on Quality of Life in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: Findings from the CHANGE Program Intervention Study in Prince Edward Island, Canada.

Changes in life satisfaction, depression, general health and sleep quality of Spanish older women during COVID-19 lockdown and their relationship with lifestyle: an observational follow-up study.

Summary:

It is well known that the Mediterranean Diet (MD) –rich in olive oil, fruits and vegetables, legumes and nuts– is an effective preventive strategy against the onset and the prognosis of chronic non-communicable diseases, leading to a greater quality of life. For this reason and in order to obtain the greatest benefits from this healthful dietary pattern, it is important to promote the adherence to this dietary pattern early in life.
An example of this can be found in a longitudinal analysis, which assessed the relationship between the MD and the risk to develop kidney impairment, carried out on Chinese children aged 6 to 8 years. In this report, researchers chose microalbumin (MA) and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) as candidate markers to study the associations with the MD, as the presence of these metabolites in urine samples is an indicator of kidney impairment. It was observed that participants with a low urinary excretion of MA also displayed a greater adherence to the MD. Moreover, a high consumption of sweets and candies was associated with a greater risk of developing glomerular impairment. These findings support the role of diets, and in particular that the adherence to the MD could relate to the onset of kidney related diseases early in the development process.
Once again, the PREDIMED study –the longest randomized control trial for the secondary prevention of NCDs based on an intervention with the Mediterranean diet– reports on the relationship between the intake of polyphenols and the risk of type 2 diabetes. More specifically, microbial phenolic metabolites (MPMs) such as hydroxybenzoic acid are the byproducts of polyphenols produced by gut microbiota; biomarkers that were used by the researchers as correlates of glucose metabolism. According to their results, an adequate intake of polyphenols (contained in olive oil among other foods) could help prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes through various mechanisms, now through MPMs as indicators of glucose metabolism.
It is apparent from these results that it is important to maintain a healthy gut microbiome as it carries out various functions in the body. One of the primary methods to maintain adequate microbiome activity is through healthy dietary choices, since these can modulate its composition and performance. For example, in this case-control study, researchers evaluated the effect of 3 different diets on the microbiome composition and inflammatory markers. Although individual foods were not found to have an individual influence on these parameters, one of the three dietary patterns (the closest to the MD) seemed to improve the markers defined by the authors in their report in comparison to other diets. The results suggest that microbiome health is a universal property of healthy diets, of which the MD has been a staple and thus recommended by various international agencies.

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