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MEDITERRANEAN DIET

Can Following Paleolithic and Mediterranean Diets Reduce the Risk of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study on Iranian Women.

Relationship between the Mediterranean diet and risk of hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional analysis of the RaNCD cohort.

Effects of Mediterranean diets and nutrigenomics on cardiovascular health.

Mediterranean diet, mental health, cognitive status, quality of life, and successful aging in
southern Italian older adults.

Breastfeeding Is Associated with Higher Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in a Spanish Population of Preschoolers: The SENDO Project.

Mediterranean Diet and Lung Function in Adults Current Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the MEDISTAR Project.

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet in Individuals on Renal Replacement Therapy.

Environmental Impact of Two Plant-Based, Isocaloric and Isoproteic Diets: The Vegan Diet vs. the Mediterranean Diet.

A 12-Week Randomized Intervention Comparing the Healthy US, Mediterranean, and Vegetarian Dietary Patterns of the US Dietary Guidelines for Changes in Body Weight, Hemoglobin A1c, Blood Pressure, and Dietary Quality among African American Adults.

Mediterranean diet and risk of breast cancer: An umbrella review.

Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet with anthropometric measurements and nutritional status in adolescents.

Association between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and the Eatwell Guide and changes in weight and waist circumference in post-menopausal women in the UK Women's Cohort Study.

Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower probability of prodromal Parkinson's disease and risk for Parkinson's disease/dementia with Lewy bodies: A longitudinal study.



DIETARY PATTERNS AND HEALTH

Dietary patterns and fertility status in men: Mediterranean diet does make a difference in ameliorating the rise in male infertility problems due to changing lifestyle.

Comparison of Nutri-Score and Health Star Rating Nutrient Profiling Models Using Large Branded Foods Composition Database and Sales Data.

Healthy lifestyle behaviours and biological aging in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2018.

The Sapienza count-down for a healthy and sustainable diet.

Mortality and Life Expectancy Lost in Canada Attributable to Dietary Patterns: Evidence From Canadian National Nutrition Survey Linked to Routinely Collected Health Administrative Databases.

AGING AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION

The role of dietary strategies in the modulation of hallmarks of aging.

The association between adherence to a plant-based diet and cognitive ageing.

Mediterranean Diet and Sarcopenia Features in Apparently Healthy Adults over 65 Years: A Systematic Review.

Molecular Mechanisms of the Protective Effects of Olive Leaf Polyphenols against Alzheimer's Disease.

Plant-based dietary patterns and their association with mood in healthy individuals.



GUT MICROBIOTA

Evidence Supporting the Involvement of the Minority Compounds of Extra Virgin Olive Oil, through Gut Microbiota Modulation, in Some of the Dietary Benefits Related to Metabolic Syndrome in Comparison to Butter.

Healthy dietary patterns are associated with the gut microbiome in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Association of microbiota polyphenols with cardiovascular health in the context of a Mediterranean diet.

Summary:

The main theme of this week are the multiple benefits associated with following a Mediterranean Diet (Med Diet), and its protective effects on various diseases, with a special focus on cardiovascular health. The Med Diet’s distinctive characteristic from other healthy dietary patterns is no doubt its liberal use of olive oil, which represents its main culinary fat.

With the expansion of nutrigenomics in the scientific field, more and more effects of diet on our genes are coming to light. In this sense, a scientific review focusing on how the MedDiet impacts on gene expression, indicates that the Med diet can counteract the genetic predisposition to hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolaemia, high fasting blood glucose levels and stroke. Current genetic research will help identify the individuals that could benefit more from a particular diet, as people's responses may vary according to their genotype.

As mentioned previously, olive oil is the main source of fat added to the Med Diet. Evidence has shown that Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a functional food with a wide array of healthy components, including monounsaturated fatty acids and phenolic compounds, which exert benefits on cardiovascular health thanks to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, it has been demonstrated to contribute to cardiovascular and metabolic health, by potentially modulating our gut microbiota.

A very interesting experimental study carried out on mice, was conducted to compare the effects of EVOO vs refined oils (ROO) on the intestinal microbiota. Its results show variations in gut microbiota between the two groups, and that that different prevalence of bacterial populations correlate in multiple regression models with ulterior physiological values related to cardiovascular health, including systolic blood pressure. According to the authors, some of these correlations can be explained by the type of fat that is present in the diet, while in other cases, it can be better understood if the antimicrobial role of the virgin olive oil polyphenols is considered.

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