The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is characterized by the use of olive oil as the main source of fat, as well as a high consumption of fruit and vegetables. There is wide evidence of its health benefits, especially for cardiovascular health. However, most of the studies have been conducted in adults, whereas in the elderly population, pregnant women and for children further research is needed. In order to give more targeted recommendations to these patient groups, articles such as this cross-sectional study in elderly patients look for associations between DM and metabolic syndrome. Despite its limitations, this study reflects the existence of an inverse association between the Mediterranean diet and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this population of high risk individuals. In the same line, a clinical trial conducted in pregnant women aimed to investigate the association between the MD, physical exercise and postpartum depression. In the intervention group, participants received physical exercise sessions and were monitored to assess their adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern. After the intervention, it was found that participants with higher adherence to the MD during pregnancy had a lower risk of postpartum depression. These results reflect the need for further research and promotion of the Mediterranean diet in minority groups of patients who would also be benefited.
Most studies on MD focus on its benefits or in association with exercise or healthy lifestyles. However, a recent observational study investigated the interaction of MD with smoking habit and mortality. In their analysis they found that those participants who were smokers and had low adherence to the Mediterranean diet had a multiplied mortality risk compared to non-smokers and adherent to the MD pattern.
|
