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Cardiovascular desease
Whole almond consumption is associated with better diet quality and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the UK adult population: National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008-2017.
The Mediterranean diet, plasma metabolome, and cardiovascular disease risk.
Insights on Mediterranean Diet from the SUN Cohort: Cardiovascular and Cognitive Health.

Cancer
Potential role of gut microbiota, the proto-oncogene PIKE (Agap2) and cytochrome P450 CYP2W1 in promotion of liver cancer by alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and protection by dietary soy protein.

Neurodegenerative diseases
Prevention of 7-Ketocholesterol-Induced Overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cell Death with Major Nutrients (Polyphenols, ω3 and ω9 Unsaturated Fatty Acids) of the Mediterranean Diet on N2a Neuronal Cells.
Potential role of phytochemicals in brain plasticity: Focus on polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Diabetes
Benefits of Adhering to a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Pistachios in Pregnancy on the Health of Offspring at 2 Years of Age. Results of the San Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Study.

Parenteral Nutrition
Composition and Functionality of Lipid Emulsions in Parenteral Nutrition: Examining Evidence in Clinical Applications

Health promotion
Implications of personality and parental education on healthy lifestyles among adolescents.
Relationship between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Body Composition with Physical Fitness Parameters in a Young Active Population.
Physical Fitness, Body Composition, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Young Football Players: Influence of the 20 mSRT Score and Maturational Stage.

Obesity
Body weight of individuals with obesity decreases after a 6-month high pasta or low pasta Mediterranean diet weight-loss intervention.
Genetic Polymorphisms, Mediterranean Diet and Microbiota-Associated Urolithin Metabotypes can Predict Obesity in Childhood-Adolescence.
Sleep Quality in Obesity: Does Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Matter?
Chronotype and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Results from the Opera Prevention Project.
Overweight
Exploring the Relationship Between the Mediterranean Diet and Weight Loss Maintenance: The MedWeight Study

Other news
Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Jaén Granted PGI Status
OLIVE OIL PRICES - May 2020 update

Summary:

This study estimated the consumption of whole almonds in a nationally representative UK population and examined the associations with diet quality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The 6,802 adult participants were asked to record all food and drink consumed over 4 consecutive days, comprising of 3 weekdays and one weekend day, including portion sizes, brand names, and recipes of home cooked foods. Whole almond consumption was defined as any intake of whole almond kernels only or almond kernels in mixed nuts. The study concluded almond intake is low in the UK population, nevertheless consumption was associated with better dietary quality and lower CVD risk factors. In addition, UK almond consumers were characterized by overall healthier dietary patterns. Habitual consumption of whole almonds should be encouraged as part of a healthy diet.

Another study investigated whether a metabolic signature composed of multiple plasma metabolites can be used to characterize the adherence and metabolic response to the Mediterranean diet and whether such metabolic signature is associated with cardiovascular disease risk. The cohort included 1,859 participants from the Spanish PREDIMED trial and validation cohorts included 6,868 participants from the US Nurses' Health Studies I and II and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (NHS/HPFS). The study identified a metabolic signature that robustly reflects the adherence and metabolic response to a Mediterranean diet, as well as predict future CVD risk independent of traditional risk factors in Spanish and US cohorts.
The objective of another study was to explore the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and long term weight loss maintenance (more than 12 months). To do this, 565 adults (62% women) from the MedWeight study were supervised under 2 categories: 1. Maintainers (≤90% max weight) and 2. Regainers (>95% max weight). Dietary intake was assessed by 2 non-consecutive 24-hour recalls within 10 days. This study supports the beneficial role of protein intake and the consumption of fruits for weight loss maintenance. It also revealed the consumption of potatoes, legumes, olive oil, modest consumption of alcohol, and a lower consumption of red meat may be important for weight loss maintenance. In conclusion, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a 2-fold increased likelihood of weight loss maintenance. These results highlight the potential beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet pattern for long-term obesity management, as well as provide novel targets for diet planning during weight loss maintenance.

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