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Dear Colleagues and Friends,
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Metabolic syndrome and lipid metabolism
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Sociodemographic Implications in Dietary behaviour
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Neurodegenerative diseases
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Rising incidence of cancer constitutes one of the main challenges in public health these days. For this reason, this systematic review turns out to be especially interesting, since it studies the relationship between the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and overall cancer risk. Data from studies with different designs assessing different types of cancer (breast, colorectal, prostate, gastric and liver among others) were taken in account for this review. The analyses demonstrated lower risk for certains types of cancer, such as gastric, liver, respiratory or bladder among people who followed faithfully the recommendations of the Mediterranean Diet.
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Referring to molecular research, GDF-15 is a biomarker related to aging, inflammation and chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance, and is also a predictor of mortality. Since diet is an important and modifiable factor in health, this study assesses the possible effect of diet quality and aging or chronic diseases onset through the concentration of GDF-15 in older adults, and it is possibly the first study carrying out these associations. One of the diets assessed was the MD, rich in olive oil. The results indicated an inverse correlation between healthy dietary pattern and concentration of GDF-15, suggesting that paying attention to diet quality could lead to a healthy aging.
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Apart from anthropometric changes, following different type of diets can lead also to changes in miRNA, presumably involved in the development of some diseases, such as obesity and its metabolic comorbidities. In this study participants were encouraged to follow either the MD or the recommendations of the American Heart Association. After 8 weeks, changes in miRNA were analyzed and multiple significant changes were found with both diets. These changes were related with leptin levels (which suggest an adaptation to the diet modifications), triglycerides, glucose, HDL, blood pressure, fat and other parameters. These findings could be useful to develop new biomarkers to personalize nutritional strategies.
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