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Obesity

Unhealthy Diet Pattern Mediates the Disproportionate Prevalence of Obesity among Adults with Socio-Economic Disadvantage: An Australian Representative Cross-Sectional Study.

Association of a Mediterranean Diet and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption with Subjective Well-Being among Adults with Overweight and Obesity.

High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Obesity among Adults in Gulf Countries.

Diabetes

A Pilot Study on the Metabolic Impact of Mediterranean Diet in Type 2 Diabetes: Is Gut Microbiota the Key?

Dietary Management of Type 2 Diabetes in the MENA Region: A Review of the Evidence.

Mediterranean Diet and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Perpetual Inspiration for the Scientific World. A Review.

Other chronic diseases

Precision Nutrition for Alzheimer's Prevention in ApoE4 Carriers.

Multiplying effects of COVID-19 lockdown on metabolic risk and fatty liver.

A Randomized Trial Comparing the Specific Carbohydrate Diet to a Mediterranean Diet in Adults with Crohn's Disease

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Focus on New Biomarkers and Lifestyle Interventions.

Children and adolescents

Healthy Lifestyle Intervention and Weight Loss Improve Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Children with Obesity.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Mediator of the Relationship of Recreational Screen Time on Mediterranean Diet Score in Schoolchildren.

The association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and childhood obesity; the role of family structure: Results from an epidemiological study in 1728 Greek students.

Association between Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Breakfast Quality with Physical Fitness in School Children: The HIIT Project.

Pregnacy

Nutrient Intake during Pregnancy and Adherence to Dietary Recommendations: The Mediterranean PHIME Cohort.

Dietary patterns

Mediterranean diet and prudent diet are both associated with low circulating esterified 3-hydroxy fatty acids, a proxy of LPS burden, among older adults.

Association of Baltic Sea and Mediterranean diets with frailty phenotype in older women, Kuopio OSTPRE-FPS study.

Association of a traditional Mediterranean diet and non-Mediterranean dietary scores with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: prospective findings from the Moli-sani Study.



Summary:

Healthy diets have been associated with lower mortality and disease risk, however, biological mechanisms through which the MedDiet affects disease/mortality risk remain unclear. This week, we want to share with you a prospective cohort study of the Moli-sani Study, a cohort that includes more than 24,000 participants from southern Italy. In this study, the authors assessed the association of four healthy diets, the traditional Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, the Paleolithic diet, and the Nordic diet, with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Of these four diets, the MedDiet observed the greatest reductions in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease/cerebrovascular, and other causes of death, by 23%, 23%, 31%, and 34%, respectively, when comparing extreme quartiles. A non-statistically significant protective trend was found for cancer death. Moreover, the authors were able to observe that favorable modulation of markers of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism may be main pathways through which the MedDiet exerts its beneficial effects on health.
Additional beneficial health effects of the MedDiet have been demonstrated in the 12-week single-arm pilot trial conducted within the MEDBIOME study, in which characterization of the gut microbiota was evaluated to assess the effectiveness of a 12-week MedDiet intervention on type 2 diabetes. After 12 weeks of intervention, participants significantly increased their MedDiet adherence. These changes in MedDiet adherence resulted in an increase in the Prevotella to Bacteroides ratio and a clinically relevant decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. Moreover, the HbA1c decreased by 0.67% and the HOMA-IR decreased by 1.03 (both significant decreases). These positive results pointed out that the effects of the MedDiet on gut microbiota appear to precede the changes in classic biomarkers of type 2 diabetes, such as HOMA-IR and HbA1c, suggesting the effects of the MedDiet in type 2 diabetes may be partially mediated by the gut microbiota.

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