Healthy diets have been associated with lower mortality and disease risk, however, biological mechanisms through which the MedDiet affects disease/mortality risk remain unclear. This week, we want to share with you a prospective cohort study of the Moli-sani Study, a cohort that includes more than 24,000 participants from southern Italy. In this study, the authors assessed the association of four healthy diets, the traditional Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, the Paleolithic diet, and the Nordic diet, with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Of these four diets, the MedDiet observed the greatest reductions in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease/cerebrovascular, and other causes of death, by 23%, 23%, 31%, and 34%, respectively, when comparing extreme quartiles. A non-statistically significant protective trend was found for cancer death. Moreover, the authors were able to observe that favorable modulation of markers of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism may be main pathways through which the MedDiet exerts its beneficial effects on health.
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